Featured Articles

Recent Articles

The view camera is a type of camera first developed in the era of the Daguerreotype and still in use today, though with many refinements. It comprises a flexible bellows which forms a light-tight seal between two adjustable standards, one of which holds a lens, and the other a viewfinder or a photographic film holder.

The bellows is a flexible, accordion-pleated box, which encloses the space between the lens and film, and has the ability to flex to accommodate the movements of the standards.

The front standard is a board at the front of the camera which holds the lens and, usually, a shutter.

At the other end of the bellows, the rear standard is a frame which holds a ground glass, used for focusing and composing the image before exposure, which is replaced by a holder containing the light-sensitive film, plate, or image sensor for exposure. The front and rear standards can move in various ways relative to each other, unlike most other types of camera, giving control over focus, depth of field and perspective.

The camera must have some means of support, usually provision for mounting it on a tripod.

Chambre-monorail-MPP.picture

Chambre-monorail-MPP.picture


Types of view camera

There are several types of view camera for different purposes and allowing different degrees of movement and portability. They include:

Sanderson-Hand-Camera.picture

Sanderson-Hand-Camera.picture

A Sanderson ‘Hand’ camera dating from circa 1899

  • Monorail camera – This is the most common type of studio view camera, with the front and rear standards being mounted to a single rail that is fixed to a camera support. This design allows the greatest range of movements and flexibility, with both front and rear standards able to tilt, shift, rise, fall and swing in similar proportion. These are generally made of metal with leather or synthetic bellows, and are difficult to pack for travel. Sinar and Toyo are popular manufacturers of monorail view camera systems. ARCA-Swiss produces monorail cameras for field use in addition to models for the more conventional studio applications. Many manufacturers also offer monorail extensions, which permit the front or rear standards to move further away from each other, allowing for focus on very close objects (macrophotography).
  • Field camera – These have the front and rear standard mounted on sliding rails fixed to a hinged flat bed that is fixed to a camera support (tripod, etc.). These cameras are usually made of wood, or sometimes lightweight and strong composites such as carbon fiber. When the bellows are fully retracted the flat bed can be folded up, reducing the camera to a relatively small, light, and portable box. The price for this portability is that the standards are not as mobile or as adjustable as those of a monorail design; the rear standard, in particular, may be fixed and offer no movement. These large format but transportable cameras are popular with landscape photographers. Tachihara and Wisner are examples of modern field cameras at opposite ends of the price scale.
    • Extremely large field cameras using 11×14 film and larger, or panoramic film sizes such as 4×10 or 8×20, are sometimes referred to as banquet cameras, and were used to photograph large, posed groups of people to mark an occasion, such as a banquet or a wedding.
    • Studio and salon cameras are similar to field cameras, but do not fold up for portability.
  • Press and technical cameras are true view cameras, as almost all of them have a ground glass integral to the film-holder mechanism that allows critical focus and full use of the sometimes limited movements. More expensive examples had a wide array of movements, as well as focusing and compositing aids like rangefinders and viewfinders. They are most often made of metal, designed to fold up quickly for portability, used by press photographers before and during the second world war.
  • A more modern development is the highly portable Sinar arTec view camera which fails to fit within any of the above criteria and was designed primarily to be used by architectural photographers. It has the novel ability to take panoramic stitched images by means of built in step and repeat mechanism.

View cameras use large format sheet film, using one sheet per photograph. Standard sizes in inches are: 4×5, 5×7, 4×10, 5×12, 8×10, 11×14, 7×17, 8×20, 12×20, and 20×24. (It is usual to list the short side first in the Americas, and the long side in many other countries, thus 4×5 is the same as 5×4). A similar, but not identical, range of metric sizes is used in many countries; thus 9×12 cm is similar to, but not interchangeable with, 4×5 inches. The most widely used format is 4×5, followed by 8×10.

A few rollfilm cameras have movements that make them as versatile as a sheet film view camera. Rollfilm and instant film backs are available to use in place of a sheetfilm holder on a single-film camera.

Incoming search terms for the article:

happy-new-year-2011.picture

happy-new-year-2011.picture

My Wish For You

Happiness deep down within.
Serenity with each sunrise.
Success in each facet of your life.
Family beside you.
Close and caring friends.
Health, inside you.
Love that never ends.
Special memories of all the yesterdays.
A bright today with much to be thankful for.
A path that leads to beautiful tomorrows.
Dreams that do their best to come true.
Appreciation of all the wonderful things about you.

Possibly related posts: (automatically generated)

Incoming search terms for the article:

Pentax X90.picturePentax X90 Highlights

Versatile optical 26x zoom lens to accommodate a range of subjects
With a compact, lightweight body, the Pentax X90 features a high-magnification optical 26x zoom lens offering a focal-length coverage between 26mm wide angle to 676mm super telephoto (in the 35mm format). Combined with a Macro mode to capture images of subjects less than an inch away, the X90 captures images near and far. The X90 also features an Intelligent Zoom function, which extends the zoom coverage to approximately 162.5 times (for a focal length of an 4225mm in the 35mm format) without compromising the optical performance of the zoom lens.

Dependable shake-reduction system for sharp, blur-free images
The X90 incorporates the Pentax-original CCD-shift-type SR (Shake Reduction) system to assure sharply focused, blur-free images even under demanding photographic conditions prone to camera shake, such as when using the zoom lens’s super-telephoto range or when shooting a sunset or indoor scene with natural light only. By accurately detecting the amount of camera shake using a high-performance gyro sensor and shifting the CCD image sensor vertically and horizontally at high speed, the X90 offers an outstanding camera-shake compensation effect, equivalent to approximately three shutter steps.
** The degree of shake-reduction effect may vary, depending on the photographic conditions.

Extra-powerful battery for extended shooting sessions
With a large-capacity lithium-ion battery, the X90’s battery life has improved by 50 percent over the previous Pentax megazoom. The camera records approximately 255 images* on a full battery charge.
* Based on measurement conditions conforming to CIPA specifications using the exclusive D-LI106 Lithium-ion Battery.

Electronic viewfinder with diopter adjustment
The X90 comes equipped with an electronic viewfinder with a diopter adjustment mechanism for clear views of subject and electronic indicators.

Eye-Fi wireless SD memory card connectivity
Eye-Fi SD memory cards store media and offer built-in Wi-Fi capability that accesses an assigned wireless network to effortlessly transfer photos and videos from the camera to a computer and online sharing site such as Picasaweb, Flickr, Facebook and YouTube. Equipped with an Eye-Fi Card, the Pentax X90 allows users to enable/disable the Eye-Fi Card’s Wi-Fi connectivity via the camera menu and provides an on-screen card activity indicator. (Eye-fi cards sold separately.)

Movie shooting in high-definition TV image quality, with anti-shake protection
The X90 captures high-quality movie clips, equivalent in image quality to high-definition TV (1280 x 720 pixels). The camera features Movie SR (Shake Reduction) mode* to minimize camera shake during movie shooting through the use of exclusive software. As a result, the photographer enjoys high-quality, blur-free movie shooting with minimal effort. An HDMI micro terminal for audio/video signal output supports high-resolution movie viewing on a high-definition TV monitor.
* When the Movie SR mode is selected, the angle of view becomes narrower than normal shooting.

Multi-mode exposure system to accommodate different applications
In addition to the advanced Programmed AE mode, which automatically selects the optimal combination of aperture and shutter speed for a given subject, the X90 offers Aperture-Priority AE, Shutter-Priority AE and Metered Manual modes.

High image quality
With 12.1 effective megapixels, a sophisticated imaging engine and a high-quality Pentax zoom lens, the X90 delivers super-clear, high-quality images with a Bright, Natural or Monotone finishing touch option.

Auto Picture mode for hands-off selection of seven different shooting modes
The X90 features the advanced Auto Picture mode, which selects the most appropriate shooting mode for a given subject or scene by detecting the subject’s lighting and other conditions. This user-friendly feature selects the best mode from a choice of Landscape, Portrait, Night Scene, Night Scene Portrait, Flower, Sport or Standard modes and features an Auto Macro mode, which automatically switches the camera’s focus range to macro in close-range applications.

Face Detection AF & AE function
Feauring an upgraded Face Detection AF & AE function, the X90 automatically detects up to 32 faces in the image field in a mere 0.03 seconds and captures each with precision, even when the faces are tilted or turned sideways. In addition, the X90 offers other user-friendly functions designed to produce beautiful portraits with ease: the Smile Capture function, which automatically releases the shutter the instant it detects the subject’s smile; and the Blinking Detection function, which warns the photographer when the subject’s eyes close at the time of shutter release.

High-sensitivity anti-shake mode to minimize camera/subject shake
The X90 comes equipped with the advanced High-Sensitivity anti-shake (Digital SR) mode,* which allows the photographer to use higher shutter speeds in dimly lit locations by automatically shifting the sensitivity level to as high as ISO 6400 based on the subject’s lighting condition. By coupling this function with the dependable CCD-shift-type SR system, the photographer can effectively minimize adverse effects of camera shake and subject shake, even when shooting at such demanding locations as concert halls and indoor sports arenas.

Possibly related posts: (automatically generated)

Incoming search terms for the article:

Page 1 of 912345»...Last »